{"source":"PHIVOLCS Destructive Earthquakes Catalog + USGS + published references (per event).","disclaimer":"Casualty and damage figures are best-available published numbers and may differ across sources. See each event's `references`.","count":11,"events":[{"id":"1645-luzon","date":"1645-11-30","name":"1645 Luzon earthquake","mag":7.5,"lat":14.6,"lon":121,"casualties":600,"summary":"Destroyed much of colonial Manila; the largest historical earthquake to strike the colonial capital.","references":["Bautista & Oike, 2000","PHIVOLCS Destructive Earthquakes Catalog"],"faultSlug":"valley-fault-system"},{"id":"1976-moro","date":"1976-08-17","name":"1976 Moro Gulf earthquake & tsunami","mag":7.9,"depthKm":60,"lat":6.262,"lon":124.023,"casualties":5000,"injured":8000,"tsunami":true,"faultSlug":"cotabato-trench","summary":"Tsunami waves up to 5 m struck Mindanao and Sulu Archipelago coasts. One of the deadliest natural disasters in modern Philippine history.","references":["Lander et al. 2003","PHIVOLCS Destructive Earthquakes Catalog","USGS"]},{"id":"1990-luzon","date":"1990-07-16","name":"1990 Luzon earthquake (Digdig segment, PFZ)","mag":7.8,"depthKm":25,"lat":15.679,"lon":121.172,"casualties":1621,"injured":3000,"damages_usd":"~$370M","faultSlug":"philippine-fault-zone","summary":"Surface rupture of >120 km along the Digdig and Philippine Fault Zone segments. Severe damage in Baguio, Cabanatuan, Dagupan.","references":["Nakata et al. 1996","PHIVOLCS Quick Response Team"]},{"id":"1994-mindoro","date":"1994-11-15","name":"1994 Mindoro earthquake & tsunami","mag":7.1,"depthKm":32,"lat":13.525,"lon":121.067,"casualties":78,"injured":430,"tsunami":true,"faultSlug":"lubang-fault","summary":"Local tsunami in Verde Island Passage with waves up to 7 m in Baco. Surface rupture mapped along the Aglubang River fault.","references":["Imamura et al. 1995","Nakata et al. 1996"]},{"id":"2012-negros","date":"2012-02-06","name":"2012 Negros Oriental earthquake","mag":6.7,"depthKm":11,"lat":9.961,"lon":123.149,"casualties":51,"injured":112,"faultSlug":"negros-trench","summary":"Triggered widespread landslides in Negros Oriental, particularly in Guihulngan and La Libertad.","references":["PHIVOLCS","USGS"]},{"id":"2012-samar","date":"2012-08-31","name":"2012 Philippine Trench earthquake (offshore Samar)","mag":7.6,"depthKm":28,"lat":10.808,"lon":126.638,"casualties":1,"injured":2,"tsunami":true,"faultSlug":"philippine-trench","summary":"Deep intraslab event off Samar that generated a small regional tsunami.","references":["USGS","PHIVOLCS"]},{"id":"2013-bohol","date":"2013-10-15","name":"2013 Bohol earthquake","mag":7.2,"depthKm":12,"lat":9.88,"lon":124.121,"casualties":222,"injured":976,"damages_usd":"~$52M","faultSlug":"north-bohol-fault","summary":"Ruptured the previously unmapped North Bohol Fault. Destroyed centuries-old churches in Bohol and Cebu.","references":["PHIVOLCS QRT 2013","Lagmay et al. 2014"]},{"id":"2017-leyte","date":"2017-07-06","name":"2017 Leyte earthquake","mag":6.5,"depthKm":6,"lat":11.118,"lon":124.66,"casualties":4,"injured":100,"faultSlug":"philippine-fault-zone","summary":"Shallow strike-slip event on the Leyte segment of the Philippine Fault Zone.","references":["PHIVOLCS","USGS"]},{"id":"2019-mindanao-sequence","date":"2019-10-29","name":"2019 Cotabato earthquake sequence","mag":6.6,"depthKm":14,"lat":6.812,"lon":125.149,"casualties":24,"injured":563,"faultSlug":"philippine-fault-zone","summary":"Sequence of M6.3, M6.6 and M6.5 events on previously unknown blind faults in the Cotabato region (Tulunan / Makilala).","references":["PHIVOLCS","USGS"]},{"id":"2022-abra","date":"2022-07-27","name":"2022 Abra earthquake","mag":7,"depthKm":17,"lat":17.586,"lon":120.633,"casualties":11,"injured":615,"faultSlug":"philippine-fault-zone","summary":"Widespread damage across Ilocos and Cordillera. Heritage churches in Vigan and Ilocos Sur damaged.","references":["PHIVOLCS","USGS"]},{"id":"2023-hinatuan","date":"2023-12-02","name":"2023 Hinatuan earthquake","mag":7.6,"depthKm":32,"lat":8.527,"lon":126.418,"casualties":3,"tsunami":true,"faultSlug":"philippine-trench","summary":"Major intraplate event offshore Surigao del Sur. Tsunami advisory issued; small waves recorded.","references":["PHIVOLCS","USGS"]}]}